1.1: Addition with Carrying

Chapter 1: Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

  • Add, subtract, multiply and divide rational numbers.
  • Use order of operations.

When the digits of one column add up to a two-digit number (10 or more), you must carry the digit to the next column.

Example A

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&27\\+&55 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the ones.

[latex]7 \text{ ones } + 5 \text{ ones } = 12 \text{ ones}[/latex]

Rename 12 ones as 1 ten and 2 ones.

Write the 2 ones under the ones column and carry the ten to be added with the tens column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{2}\textbf{7}\\+&5\textbf{5} \\ \hline &\textbf{2} \\\end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]1 \text{ ten } + 2 \text{ tens } + 5 \text{ tens } = 8 \text{ tens}[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{\textbf{2}}7\\+&\textbf{5}5 \\ \hline &\textbf{8}2 \\\end{array}[/latex]

Example B

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&58\\+&76 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the one.

[latex]8 \text{ ones } + 6 \text{ ones } = 14 \text{ ones}[/latex]

Rename the 14 ones as 1 ten and 4 ones.

Write the 4 ones under the ones column and carry the ten to be added with the tens column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{5}\textbf{8}\\+&7\textbf{6} \\ \hline &\textbf{4} \\\end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]1 \text{ ten } + 5 \text{ tens } + 7 \text{ tens } = 13 \text{ tens}[/latex]

The 1 hundred can just be written in the sum because there are no other hundreds to add it to.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{\textbf{5}}8\\+&\textbf{7}6 \\ \hline &\textbf{13}4 \\\end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 1

Find the sums. Check your work using the answer key at the end of the exercise.

  1. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&62\\+&18 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  2. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&46\\+&37 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  3. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&49\\+&42 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  4. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&44\\+&26 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  5. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&17\\+&79 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  6. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&23\\+&82 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  7. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&28\\+&91 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  8. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&54\\+&58 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  9. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&68\\+&49 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  10. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&66\\+&35 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  11. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&99\\+&88 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  12. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&89\\+&74 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  13. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&37\\+&15 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  14. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&55\\+&27 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  15. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&29\\+&76 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  16. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&35\\+&69 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  17. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&54\\+&17 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  18. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&72\\+&33 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  19. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&26\\+&56 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  20. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&38\\+&80 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 1 Answers

  1. 80
  2. 83
  3. 91
  4. 70
  5. 96
  6. 105
  7. 119
  8. 112
  9. 117
  10. 101
  11. 187
  12. 163
  13. 52
  14. 82
  15. 105
  16. 104
  17. 71
  18. 105
  19. 82
  20. 118

Extra Practice:
Who’s the Pig? A Game of Chance.

How to play:

  • This game is played by two people with one set of dice. Ask your instructor for one set of dice.
  • Players take turns rolling the dice.
  • You add the numbers on the dice to find your score.
  • When it is your turn, you may roll as many times in a row as you like. Therefore, it is possible to score 100 or more points in one turn.
  • However, if you roll a 1 on either die during your turn, you lose all your points for that turn, and your turn is over.
  • If you roll a 1 on both dice, you lose all the points you have. You have to start all over again at 0, and your turn is over.

How to win:

  • The first player to reach 100 or more points is the winner.

Example C

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&45\\&37 \\+&69 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the ones.

[latex]5 \text{ ones } + 7 \text{ ones } + 9 \text{ ones } = 21 \text{ ones}[/latex]

Rename 21 ones as 2 tens and 1 one.

Write the one in the sum under the ones column and carry the 2 tens to the tens column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{2}{4}\textbf{5}\\&3\textbf{7} \\+&6\textbf{9} \\ \hline &\textbf{1} \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]2 \text{ tens } + 4 \text{ tens } + 3 \text{ tens } + 6 \text{ tens } = 15 \text{ tens}[/latex]

15 tens is 1 hundred and 5 tens.

The one hundred can just be written in the sum because there are no other hundreds to add it to.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{2}{\textbf{4}}5\\&\textbf{3}7 \\+&\textbf{6}9 \\ \hline &\textbf{15}1 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 2

Find the sums.

  1. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 67\\&78\\+&55\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  2. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 42\\&13\\+&25\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  3. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 31\\&12\\+&49\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  4. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 23\\&27\\+&84\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  5. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 41\\&52\\+&65\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  6. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 63\\&74\\+&21\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  7. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 47\\&18\\+&55\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  8. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 12\\&24\\+&89\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  9. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 73\\&21\\+&37\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  10. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 25\\&60\\+&47\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  11. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 53\\&60\\+&71\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  12. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 14\\&24\\+&51\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  13. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 56\\&23\\+&67\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  14. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 78\\&45\\+&89\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  15. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 22\\&52\\+&64\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  16. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 35\\&11\\+&75\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  17. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 34\\&32\\+&85\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  18. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 27\\&51\\+&96\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  19. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 25\\&46\\+&43\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  20. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 36\\&47\\+&52\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  21. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 53\\&67\\+&81\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  22. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 41\\&59\\+&99\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  23. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 31\\&83\\+&27\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  24. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 76\\&62\\+&25\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 2 Answers

  1. 200
  2. 80
  3. 92
  4. 134
  5. 158
  6. 158
  7. 120
  8. 125
  9. 131
  10. 132
  11. 184
  12. 89
  13. 146
  14. 212
  15. 138
  16. 121
  17. 151
  18. 174
  19. 114
  20. 135
  21. 201
  22. 199
  23. 141
  24. 163

Use the same method for carrying when you add the columns of tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, and so on. Look at these examples:

Example D

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&374 \\ +&438 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the ones.

[latex]4 \text{ ones } + 8 \text{ ones } = 12 \text{ ones } = 1 \text{ ten and } 2 \text{ ones}[/latex]

Write the 2 ones in the sum.

Carry the 1 ten to the tens column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&3\overset{1}{7}\textbf{4} \\ +&43\textbf{8} \\ \hline &\textbf{2} \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]7 + 3 + 1 \text{ ten you carried }= 11 \text{ tens }= 1 \text{ hundred and 1 ten}[/latex]

Write the 1 ten.
Carry the 1 hundred to the hundreds column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{3}\overset{1}{\textbf{7}}4 \\ +&4\textbf{3}8 \\ \hline &\textbf{1}2 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 3: Add the hundreds.

[latex]3 + 4 + 1 \text{ hundred you carried }= 8 \text{ hundreds}[/latex]

Write 8.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{\textbf{3}}\overset{1}{7}4 \\ +&\textbf{4}38 \\ \hline &\textbf{8}12 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Example E

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&4\,974 \\&2\,385 \\ +&6\,890 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the ones.

[latex]4+5+0=9\text{ ones}[/latex]

Write 9 ones in the sum.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&4\,97\textbf{4} \\&2\,38\textbf{5} \\ +&6\,89\textbf{0} \\ \hline &\textbf{9} \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]24 \text{ tens }= 2 \text{ hundreds }+ 4 \text{ tens (write 4 tens)}[/latex]

Carry the 2 hundreds to the hundreds column.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&4\,\overset{2}{9}\textbf{7}4 \\&2\,3\textbf{8}5\\ +&6\,8\textbf{9}0 \\ \hline &\textbf{4}9 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 3: Add the hundreds and the 2 hundreds you carried.

[latex]22 \text{ hundreds }= 2 \text{ thousands }+ 2 \text{ hundreds (write 2 hundreds)}[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{2}{4}\,\overset{2}{\textbf{9}}74 \\&2\,\textbf{3}85\\ +&6\,\textbf{8}90 \\ \hline &\textbf{2}49 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 4: Add the thousands and the 2 thousands you carried.

[latex]14 \text{ thousands }= 1 \text{ ten thousand }+ 4 \text{ thousand}[/latex]

Write 14 thousands in the sum.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{2}{\textbf{4}}\,\overset{2}{9}74 \\&\textbf{2}\,385\\ +&\textbf{6}\,890 \\ \hline &\textbf{14}249 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Example F

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&246\,476 \\+&873\,706 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Add the ones.

[latex]12 \text{ ones }= 1 \text{ ten }+ 2 \text{ ones}[/latex]

Write 2 ones in the sum and carry the 1 ten over.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&246\,4\overset{1}{7}\textbf{6} \\+&873\,70\textbf{6} \\ \hline &\textbf{2}\\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Add the tens.

[latex]1+7+0=8\text{ tens}[/latex]

Write 8 tens in the sum, nothing to carry.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&246\,4\overset{1}{\textbf{7}}6 \\+&873\,7\textbf{0}6 \\ \hline &\textbf{8}2\\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 3: Add the hundreds.

[latex]11 \text{ hundreds }= 1 \text{ thousand }+ 1 \text{ hundred}[/latex]

Write 1 hundred in the sum, carry the 1 thousand.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&24\overset{1}{6}\,\textbf{4}\overset{1}{7}6 \\+&873\,\textbf{7}06 \\ \hline &\textbf{1}82\\ \end{array}[/latex]

Step 4: Add the thousands.

[latex]10 \text{ thousands }= 1 \text{ ten thousand }+ 0 \text{ thousands}[/latex]

Be sure to write the 0 to hold the thousands place in the sum.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&2\overset{1}{4}\overset{1}{\textbf{6}}\,4\overset{1}{7}6 \\+&87\textbf{3}\,706 \\ \hline &\textbf{0}\,182\\ \end{array}[/latex]

Carry the 1 ten thousand.

Step 5: Add the ten thousands.

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{2}\overset{1}{\textbf{4}}\overset{1}{6}\,4\overset{1}{7}6 \\+&8\textbf{7}3\,706 \\ \hline &\textbf{2}2\,082\\ \end{array}[/latex]

[latex]12 \text{ ten thousands }= 1 \text{ hundred thousand }+ 2 \text{ ten thousands}[/latex]

Write the 2 ten thousands in the sum and carry the 1 hundred thousand.

Step 6: Add the hundred thousands.

[latex]11 \text{ hundred thousands }= 1 \text{ million }+ 1 \text{ hundred thousand}[/latex]

Write 1 million and the 1 hundred thousand in the sum.

To read the answer say, “one million, one hundred twenty thousand, one hundred eight-two.”

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&\overset{1}{\textbf{2}}\overset{1}{4}\overset{1}{6}\,4\overset{1}{7}6 \\+&\textbf{8}73\,706 \\ \hline &\textbf{11}20\,182\\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 3

Find the sums.

  1. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&231\\+&452 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  2. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&520\\+&239 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  3. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&481\\+&306 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  4. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&306\\+&83 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  5. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&5\,237\\ +& 2\,549 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  6. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&2\,846 \\+& 1\,437 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  7. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&5\,128\\+& 4\,907 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  8. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&6\,005\\+& 239 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  9. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&8\,106\\+& 3\,923 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  10. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&5\,028\\+& 4\,907 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  11. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&6\,005\\+& 273 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  12. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&2\,648\\+& 1\,838 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  13. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&5\,837\\+& 2\,569 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  14. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&2\,846\\+& 1\,457 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  15. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&3\,517\\+& 4\,296 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  16. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&9\,020\\+& 684 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  17. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&2\,648 \\+& 1\,238 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
  18. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}&5\,237\\+& 6\,968 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 3 Answers

  1. 683
  2. 759
  3. 787
  4. 389
  5. 7786
  6. 4283
  7. 10035
  8. 6244
  9. 12029
  10. 9935
  11. 6278
  12. 4486
  13. 8406
  14. 4303
  15. 7813
  16. 9704
  17. 3886
  18. 12205

If you are having any problems with this work, ask your instructor to check your method of addition with carrying before you go any further.

If you feel that you need more practice, your instructor will give you more addition questions to do.

Adding Across

If an addition question is written with the numbers side by side, rewrite the question in columns. Put the ones under the ones, the tens under the tens, the hundreds under the hundreds, and so on.

Example G

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 263\\+&25\\ \hline &288 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Example H

[latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 316 \\+ &9\,560\\ \hline &9\,876 \\ \end{array}[/latex]

Exercise 4

Rewrite each question in columns. Be careful to write ones under ones, tens under tens, hundreds under hundreds, and so on.

  1. [latex]476 + 392 + 483 =[/latex]
  2. [latex]986 + 483 + 524 =[/latex]
  3. [latex]3\,714 + 3\,189 + 4\,582 =[/latex]
  4. [latex]466 + 5\,973 + 821 + 83 =[/latex]
  5. [latex]697 + 7\,639 + 27 + 5\,396 =[/latex]
  6. [latex]1\,436 + 844 + 16\,009 =[/latex]
  7. [latex]242\,100 + 62\,418 + 32 + 528\,002 =[/latex]
  8. [latex]279\,661 + 475 + 49\,264 =[/latex]

Exercise 4 Answers

  1. 1351
  2. 1993
  3. 11485
  4. 7343
  5. 13759
  6. 18289
  7. 832552
  8. 329400

1.1: Practice Questions

  1. Find the sums. Be sure to check your answers.
    1. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 85\\+&57 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    2. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 94\\+&48 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    3. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 982\\+&743 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    4. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 829\\+&303 \\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    5. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 7\,834\\+& 2\,169\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    6. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 5\,976 \\+& 2\,081\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    7. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 46\,940\\+& 86\,502\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    8. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 41\,801\\+& 39\,199\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    9. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 3\,742 \\& 4\,108 \\+& 7\,336\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    10. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 3\,742 \\& 4\,108 \\+& 7\,336\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    11. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 352\,641 \\&432\,345 \\+& 720\,250\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]
    12. [latex]\begin{array}[t]{rr}& 18\,060 \\&62\,549 \\&1\,375 \\+& 399\\ \hline \\ \end{array}[/latex]

     

  2. Add these numbers.
    1. [latex]74 + 32 + 67 + 85 =[/latex]
    2. [latex]721 + 8\,462 + 968 + 99 =[/latex]
    3. [latex]389 + 2\,517 + 2 =[/latex]

1.1: Practice Answers

  1. Find the sums.
    1. 142
    2. 142
    3. 1725
    4. 1132
    5. 10003
    6. 8057
    7. 133442
    8. 81000
    9. 15186
    10. 53223
    11. 1505236
    12. 82383

     

  2. Add these numbers.
    1. 258
    2. 10250
    3. 2908

Attribution

This chapter has been adapted from Topic B: Addition with Carrying in Adult Literacy Fundamental Mathematics: Book 2 – 2nd Edition (BCcampus) by Wendy Tagami and Liz Girard, which is under a CC BY 4.0 license.

License

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Intermediate PreAlgebra: Building Success Copyright © 2024 by Kim Tamblyn, TRU Open Press is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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