1.11: Dividing Larger Numbers by One-Digit Divisors

Several methods are used to divide larger numbers. This book will only teach one method. If you have learned a different method for dividing, ask your instructor to review it with you. You can use the practice exercises in this workbook using whichever method you prefer.

One-Digit Divisors Without Remainders

Division has four steps, which are repeated until the dividend is completely divided. Work through the three examples which show these steps.

Here are the division steps:

  1. Divide.
  2. Multiply.
  3. Subtract and compare the remainder to the divisor.
  4. Bring down the next digit in the dividend and repeat.

Example A

[latex]294 \div 7 =[/latex]

Rewrite as [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{294}[/latex]

Step 1: Divide.

  1. Find a trial quotient using multiplication tables or division facts.
  2. Look at the dividend one digit at a time.
    1. The first digit is a 2, which is really 2 hundreds.
    2. Will 7 go into 2? Can you divide 2 by 7? No.
    3. Look at the first 2 digits, 29, which is really 29 tens.
    4. Will 7 go into 29? Yes. [latex]4 \times 7 = 28[/latex].
  3. The first number in the quotient is 4. Place the 4 in the quotient directly above the 9 tens. The 4 is 4 tens in the quotient.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}4\hspace{0.8em}\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]4 \times 7  = 28[/latex]

Write the 28 under the 29. Draw a line.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}4\hspace{0.8em}\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\\28\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline\end{array}[/latex]

Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]29 − 28 = 1 \text{ (ten)}[/latex]

Check 1 < 7.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}4\hspace{0.8em}\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\\-28\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline1\hspace{0.8em}\end{array}[/latex]

Step 4: Bring down the next number in the dividend.

  1. Bring down the next number in the dividend (4) and put it beside the result of the subtraction you just completed (1).
  2. Together, they make 14. This 14 is the number that you must now divide.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}4\hspace{0.8em}\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\\-28\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline14\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 1: Divide.

[latex]14 \div 7 = 2[/latex]

Put the 2 in the quotient right after the 4 in the ones place.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}42\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\\-28\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline14\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]2 \times 7 = 14[/latex]

Write the 14 under the 14. Draw a line.

Repeat Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]14 − 14 = 0[/latex].

There is 0 remainder.

Check: 0 < 7.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}42\\7 \enclose{longdiv}{294}\\-28\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline14\\14\\\hline\end{array}[/latex]

There are no more numbers in the dividend to bring down, so you are done.

[latex]294 \div 7 = 42[/latex]

Example B

[latex]128 \div 2 =[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{r}64\\2 \enclose{longdiv}{128}\\-12\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline08\\-8\\\hline0\end{array}[/latex]

Step 1: Divide.

  1. Can 2 go into 1? No.
  2. Can 2 go into 12? Yes.
  3. How many times?
    • [latex]2 \times 6 = 12[/latex]
    • [latex]12 \div 2 = 6[/latex]
  4. The first number in the trial quotient is 6. Put the 6 in the quotient directly above the 2 tens dividend.

Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]6 \times 2 = 12[/latex]

Write the 12 under the 12. Draw a line.

Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]12 − 12 = 0[/latex]

Check: 0 < 12

Step 4: Bring down the next number in the dividend.

Bring down the next number in the dividend (8) and put it beside the result of the subtraction you just completed (0).

8 is now the number to be divided.

Repeat Steps 1 to 4.

Repeat Step 1: Divide.

[latex]8 \div 2 = 4[/latex]

Repeat Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]4 \times 2 = 8[/latex]

Repeat Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]8 − 8 = 0[/latex]

Check: 0 < 2

Repeat Step 4: Bring down the next digit.

There are no more digits in the dividend.

[latex]128 \div 2 = 64[/latex]

Exercise 1

Find the quotients (divide, multiply, subtract, compare). Check your work using the answer key at the end of the exercise.

  1. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{364}[/latex]
  2. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{144}[/latex]
  3. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{455}[/latex]
  4. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{651}[/latex]
  5. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{144}[/latex]
  6. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{166}[/latex]
  7. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{588}[/latex]
  8. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{196}[/latex]
  9. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{230}[/latex]
  10. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{584}[/latex]
  11. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{366}[/latex]
  12. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{244}[/latex]
  13. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{375}[/latex]
  14. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{200}[/latex]
  15. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{628}[/latex]
  16. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{357}[/latex]
  17. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{837}[/latex]
  18. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{248}[/latex]
  19. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{312}[/latex]
  20. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{462}[/latex]
  21. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{295}[/latex]
  22. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{384}[/latex]
  23. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{276}[/latex]
  24. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{372}[/latex]

Exercise 1 Answers

  1. 91
  2. 72
  3. 91
  4. 93
  5. 18
  6. 83
  7. 84
  8. 98
  9. 46
  10. 73
  11. 61
  12. 61
  13. 75
  14. 25
  15. 314
  16. 51
  17. 93
  18. 31
  19. 39
  20. 66
  21. 59
  22. 64
  23. 138
  24. 93

Example C

[latex]856 \div 8 =[/latex]

[latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{856}[/latex]

Step 1: Divide.

Does 8 go into 8? Yes.

[latex]8 \div 8 = 1[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{r}1\hspace{1.2em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\end{array}[/latex]

Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]1 \times 8 = 8[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{r}1\hspace{1.2em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\8\hspace{1.2em}\end{array}[/latex]

Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]8 - 8 = 0[/latex]

Check 0 < 8.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}1\hspace{1.2em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline0\hspace{1.2em}\end{array}[/latex]

Step 4: Bring down the next digit.

5 is now the number to be divided.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}1\hspace{1.2em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Steps 1 to 4.

Repeat Step 1: Divide.

Does 8 go into 5? No.

You must put a zero to hold the place in the quotient. If a digit is brought down, a digit must be placed in the quotient.

Repeat Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]0 \times 8 = 0[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{r}10\hspace{0.8em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]5 - 0 = 5[/latex]

Check 5 < 8.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}10\hspace{0.8em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\\-0\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline5\hspace{0.8em}\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 4: Bring down the next digit.

56 is now the number to be divided.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}10\hspace{0.8em}\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\\-0\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline56\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Steps 1 to 4 again.

Repeat Step 1: Divide.

Does 8 go into 56? Yes.

[latex]56 \div 8 = 7[/latex]

Write 7 in the quotient in the ones place above the 6 in the dividend.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}107\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\\-0\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline56\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 2: Multiply.

[latex]7 \times 8 = 56[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{r}107\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\\-0\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline56\\56\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 3: Subtract.

[latex]56 − 56 = 0[/latex]

Check 0 < 8.

[latex]\begin{array}{r}107\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{856}\\-8\hspace{1.2em}\\\hline05\hspace{0.8em}\\-0\hspace{0.8em}\\\hline56\\-56\\\hline0\end{array}[/latex]

Repeat Step 4: Bring down the next digit.

No more digits.

[latex]856 \div 8 = 107[/latex]

Exercise 2

Find the quotients (divide, multiply, subtract, compare).

  1. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{721}[/latex]
  2. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{954}[/latex]
  3. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{927}[/latex]
  4. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{621}[/latex]
  5. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{824}[/latex]
  6. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{972}[/latex]
  7. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{714}[/latex]
  8. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{416}[/latex]
  9. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{540}[/latex]
  10. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{654}[/latex]
  11. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{832}[/latex]
  12. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{436}[/latex]
  13. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{515}[/latex]
  14. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{814}[/latex]
  15. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{648}[/latex]
  16. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{856}[/latex]
  17. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{525}[/latex]
  18. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{763}[/latex]
  19. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{945}[/latex]
  20. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{315}[/latex]
  21. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{872}[/latex]
  22. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{416}[/latex]
  23. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{618}[/latex]
  24. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{612}[/latex]

Exercise 2 Answers

  1. 103
  2. 106
  3. 309
  4. 207
  5. 206
  6. 108
  7. 102
  8. 208
  9. 108
  10. 109
  11. 104
  12. 109
  13. 103
  14. 407
  15. 108
  16. 107
  17. 105
  18. 109
  19. 105
  20. 105
  21. 109
  22. 104
  23. 103
  24. 306

One-Digit Divisors With Remainders

Divide the same way that you have been learning. Often, there is a remainder after the last subtraction. Write it with the quotient as you already know how to do.

Example D

[latex]259 \div 8 =[/latex]

[latex]\begin{array}{l}\hspace{1.5em}32\text{ R}3\\8 \enclose{longdiv}{259}\\\hspace{0.3em}-24\\\hline\hspace{1.7em}19\\\hspace{1em}-16\\\hline\hspace{2.3em}3\end{array}[/latex]

[latex]259 \div 8 = 32\text{ R3}[/latex]

Exercise 3

Divide and show any remainders.

  1. [latex]20\enclose{longdiv}{93}[/latex]
  2. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{52}[/latex]
  3. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{94}[/latex]
  4. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{74}[/latex]
  5. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{95}[/latex]
  6. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{96}[/latex]
  7. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{97}[/latex]
  8. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{99}[/latex]
  9. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{98}[/latex]
  10. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{59}[/latex]
  11. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{76}[/latex]
  12. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{79}[/latex]
  13. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{96}[/latex]
  14. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{57}[/latex]
  15. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{47}[/latex]
  16. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{91}[/latex]
  17. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{89}[/latex]
  18. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{82}[/latex]
  19. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{67}[/latex]
  20. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{85}[/latex]
  21. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{71}[/latex]
  22. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{65}[/latex]
  23. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{92}[/latex]
  24. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{94}[/latex]

Exercise 3 Answers

  1. 46 R1
  2. 17 R1
  3. 18 R4
  4. 10 R4
  5. 23 R3
  6. 10 R6
  7. 16 R1
  8. 12 R3
  9. 10 R8
  10. 14 R3
  11. 12 R4
  12. 26 R1
  13. 13 R5
  14. 11 R2
  15. 23 R1
  16. 11 R3
  17. 12 R5
  18. 13 R4
  19. 13 R2
  20. 42 R1
  21. 17 R3
  22. 21 R2
  23. 10 R2
  24. 11 R6

Check Division by Multiplying

To check your division, do the following:

  1. Multiply the quotient by the divisor.
  2. Add on any remainder.

The product will equal the dividend if your arithmetic is correct.

Example E

[latex]\begin{array}{l}\hspace{1.5em}52\text{ R}1\\9 \enclose{longdiv}{469}\\\hspace{0.3em}-45\\\hline\hspace{1.7em}19\\\hspace{1em}-18\\\hline\hspace{2.3em}1\end{array}[/latex]                [latex]\begin{array}{rr}&52\\\times&9\\\hline&468\end{array}[/latex]                [latex]468+1=469[/latex]

Exercise 4

Divide and check your answer by multiplying.

  1. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{709}[/latex]
  2. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{423}[/latex]
  3. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{538}[/latex]
  4. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{609}[/latex]
  5. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{406}[/latex]
  6. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{125}[/latex]
  7. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{605}[/latex]
  8. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{928}[/latex]
  9. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{962}[/latex]
  10. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{805}[/latex]
  11. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{301}[/latex]
  12. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{807}[/latex]
  13. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{725}[/latex]
  14. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{320}[/latex]
  15. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{140}[/latex]
  16. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{483}[/latex]
  17. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{197}[/latex]
  18. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{307}[/latex]
  19. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{504}[/latex]
  20. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{709}[/latex]
  21. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{876}[/latex]
  22. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{101}[/latex]
  23. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{269}[/latex]
  24. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{473}[/latex]

Exercise 4 Answers

  1. 101 R2
  2. 211 R1
  3. 107 R3
  4. 152 R1
  5. 45 R1
  6. 20 R5
  7. 201 R2
  8. 103 R1
  9. 320 R2
  10. 201 R1
  11. 37 R5
  12. 403 R1
  13. 120 R5
  14. 45 R5
  15. 15 R5
  16. 60 R3
  17. 98 R1
  18. 51 R1
  19. 100 R4
  20. 88 R5
  21. 125 R1
  22. 25 R1
  23. 89 R2
  24. 94 R3

1.11: Practice Questions

  1. Find the quotient.
    1. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{96}[/latex]
    2. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{92}[/latex]
    3. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{91}[/latex]
    4. [latex]2\enclose{longdiv}{93}[/latex]
    5. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{94}[/latex]
    6. [latex]3\enclose{longdiv}{52}[/latex]

     

  2. Divide.
    1. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{182}[/latex]
    2. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{736}[/latex]
    3. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{162}[/latex]
    4. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{295}[/latex]
    5. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{184}[/latex]
    6. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{576}[/latex]

     

  3. Divide and show your check for each answer.
    1. [latex]9\enclose{longdiv}{705}[/latex]
    2. [latex]4\enclose{longdiv}{257}[/latex]
    3. [latex]7\enclose{longdiv}{899}[/latex]
    4. [latex]5\enclose{longdiv}{538}[/latex]
    5. [latex]8\enclose{longdiv}{876}[/latex]
    6. [latex]6\enclose{longdiv}{628}[/latex]

1.11: Practice Answers

  1. Find the quotient.
    1. 16
    2. 23
    3. 13
    4. 46 R1
    5. 18 R4
    6. 17 R1

     

  2. Divide.
    1. 26
    2. 92
    3. 27
    4. 59
    5. 46
    6. 64

     

  3. Divide and show your check for each answer.
    1. 78 R3
    2. 64 R1
    3. 128 R3
    4. 107 R3
    5. 109 R4
    6. 104 R4

Attribution

This chapter has been adapted from Topic C: Dividing Larger Numbers by One-Digit Divisors in Adult Literacy Fundamental Mathematics: Book 3 – 2nd Edition (BCcampus) by Wendy Tagami and Liz Girard (2023), which is under a CC BY 4.0 license.

License

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Intermediate PreAlgebra: Building Success Copyright © 2024 by Kim Tamblyn, TRU Open Press is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

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